低盐水体南美白对虾与鲢鳙鱼混养的试验

在6口低盐淡水(盐度2～10)池塘中放养体长0 8～1 0cm的南美白对虾(Penaeusvan namei)(30万尾/hm2),其中三口塘再放养鲢(Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix)、鳙(Aristichthysno bilis)夏花(体长2 0～3 0cm)(1500尾/hm2,鲢:鳙=1:1)。鱼、虾分别精养90d和60d。混养池塘中对虾的成活率(24 6%)为单养池(9 1%)的2 7倍,产量(800 0±86 7)kg/hm2为单养池的3 2倍;鱼产量为(93 9±7 9)kg/hm2,鳙的出塘规格大于鲢,产量高于鲢。混养池塘水中氨氮、亚硝态氮和溶解氧含量低;透明度和活性磷含量高;pH值波动幅度小。     

松花江鲤鱼肌肉肌苷酸含量和鱼肉保鲜时间的研究

纸层析法对松花江鲤鱼肌肉肌苷酸含量和鱼肉保鲜时间作了研究，结果表明：室温２０℃下，鲤鱼肌肉存放３小时左右，肌苷酸含量达到了最高值为６．３２６±０．１２μｍｏｌ／ｇ，保鲜时间为９小时。冷冻－１８℃下，鲤鱼肌肉存放１０天，肌苷酸含量达到了峰值为５．９３１±０．１３μｍｏｌ／ｇ，保鲜时间为２０天。     

草鱼出血病的电镜观察

草鱼出血病是由呼肠孤病毒感染所致的急性传染病，由于病鱼小血管受损引起全身性出血，并造成内脏器官和体壁肌肉组织局灶性病变。电镜观察表明病变细胞内各种细胞器的数量较正常细胞显著减少，形态结构也遭损坏。质膜的三层结构模糊不清，及至解体消失。与机体代谢密切相关的粗面内质网、滑面内质网、线粒体和高尔基复合体的数量减少及结构受损，使蛋白质、糖类和脂质合成及分解等一系列细胞代谢活动不能正常进行，加速了病鱼死亡。     

Assessment of dietary lecithin and cholesterol requirements of mud crab, Scylla serrata, megalopa using semi-purified microbound diets

The effects of varying dietary lecithin and cholesterol levels on growth, development and survival of mud crab, Scylla serrata, megalopa were evaluated using six semi‐purified, microbound diets formulated to be iso‐energetic and containing three levels of supplemental lecithin (0, 20 and 40 g kg⁻¹ diet dry weight) and two levels of supplemental cholesterol (0 and 7 g kg⁻¹ diet dry weight). Fifteen megalopa were reared individually in each treatment and the nutritional value of diets was assessed on basis of mean dry weight and mean carapace width of newly settled first crab stage, as well as development time to the first crab stage and overall survival. A significant interaction between supplemental dietary lecithin and supplemental dietary cholesterol was found for final mean dry weight of newly settled crabs, and highest survival (60%) was recorded for megalopa fed diets containing the highest levels of dietary lecithin (39.7–44.1 g kg⁻¹) (diet 5 and 6) regardless of whether diets were supplemented with cholesterol; this rate of survival was identical to that of megalopa fed live Artemia nauplii. The results indicate that supplemental dietary cholesterol may not be essential for mud crab megalopa when fed diets containing sufficient levels of supplemental dietary phospholipids.     

甲基盐霉素对鲤白细胞吞噬活性和溶菌酶活力的影响

选用60 g左右健康正常的鲤540尾,随机平均分为6组,每组设3个重复。试验设6种处理,即基础饲料中分别添加甲基盐霉素0(对照组)、10、20、40、80、160 mg/kg。研究了甲基盐霉素对鲤白细胞吞噬活性和溶菌酶活性的影响。试验结果表明,饲料中添加10 mg/kg甲基盐霉素对鲤白细胞吞噬活性和溶菌酶活性影响不显著,而添加20~160 mg/kg甲基盐霉素对鲤白细胞吞噬活性和溶菌酶活性有一个从促进到抑制的转变,剂量越高,这个转变越快,并且随饲喂时间的延长,其抑制作用越来越强。     

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) grazing on duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza)

The aims of this experiment were (1) toquantify the ability of grass carp to processduckweed and (2) to assess indirect changes inwater chemistry and phytoplankton community,caused by grass carp feeding. Yearling grass carp sized 126 ± 7.7 mm (TL) and19.6 g in weight were kept in 9 laminate tanksof 1 m³ for 14 days. Two stockingdensities (2 and 6 fish per m³) anda control without fish were used. Standard growthrate (SGR) of grass carp fed exclusively onduckweed was 0.70% body weight (BW) d^–1and food conversion ratio (FCR) reached 2.0(average water temperature =21.1 ± 3.8 °C). Daily food intakewas 0.2 g of duckweed dry weight (DW), i.e.,1% of average BW of grass carp. SGR ofduckweed growing in 20 × 20 cm floatingenclosures, differed significantly[F(6,2) = 417.9; p = 0.002] between the twostocking densities of grass carp and thecontrol tanks (without fish). Mean SGR ofduckweed was 0.02 g g^–1 day^–1 and thehighest SGR was recorded in the control tanks.Both decrease in NH₄-N and increase inNO₂-N concentrations differedsignificantly between the treatments[F(2,2) = 45.3; p = 0.02 and F(2,2) = 19.2; p = 0.04 respectively]. Changes in other nitrogenand phosphorus components (NO₃-N, TN, TPand PO₄-P) caused by stocking of grasscarp were not significant. Biomass ofphytoplankton, dominated by filamentous algaeand blue-greens, increased proportionately tostocking density of grass carp. Althoughduckweed has a large potential for nutrientremoval, the most common pathway for thenutrients released through grass carp grazingif duckweed cover is loose is theirincorporation into phytoplankton biomass.     

牛磺酸对鲤鱼诱食活性的初步研究

用牛磺酸作为诱食剂,以0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%的剂量将牛磺酸添加到基础饵料中,以基础饵料为对照,以鲤鱼为对象进行诱食活性试验,用one-way ANOVA检验统计分析,结果表明:牛磺酸对鲤鱼有明显的诱食作用,其中0.4%组诱食效果最佳,极显著地高于对照组(P<0.01)。     

三种鲤对暴发性鱼病抗病力的差异

本文报道三种鲤对嗜水气单胞菌引起暴发性鱼病的抗病力试验结果。当菌液浓度为６．０×１０￣８ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ，采用１０￣０、１０￣（－１）、１０￣（－２）、１０￣（－３）四个稀释度、０．３ｍｌ／尾注射剂量时，建鲤、野鲤和镜鲤的半数致死量（ＬＤ＿（５０））分别为１０￣（－１．３７５）、１０￣（－０．９７６）、１０￣（－０．５６２）。这三种鲤的半数致死量差异显著（Ｆ＞Ｆ＿（０．０５））。从四个方面研究了抗病机理：白细胞吞噬功能和补体替代途径（Ｃ＿３旁路）杀菌能力，镜鲤较强于野鲤和建鲤，但无显著差异（Ｆ＜Ｆ０．０５）；红细胞Ｃ＿（３ｂ）受体花环率和补体总量（单位／ｍｌ），是建鲤＞野鲤＞镜鲤，差异极显著（Ｆ＞Ｆ０．０１）。本研究结果还表明建鲤的红细胞Ｃ＿（３ｂ）受体花环率和补体总量稍高，但对暴发性鱼病病原（嗜水气单胞菌）较易感染。以上结果证明，不同品系鲤鱼对暴发性鱼病有种内特异性。     

船体网箱饲养的鲤鱼水霉病发病条件及防治药物筛选

本文研究了水霉病的发病条件，病原分离和防治药物，结果表明：水霉病主要发生在１￣４月份，水温和机械损伤是水霉病发生的主要条件，孔雀石绿对水霉菌抑菌，杀菌效果最佳，其安全浓度为０．１３ｐｐｍ。生产中与甲醛，敌百虫和食盐结合使用，效果更佳。